Comparative evaluation of simultaneous administration of mifepristone and misoprostol; and misoprostol alone for induction of second trimester abortion

Background: The present study was conducted with the aim to assess the safety and efficacy of misoprostol alone and misoprostol with simultaneous mifepristone for second trimester termination of pregnancy.Methods: The study was conducted on 160 cases, divided in two groups of 80 cases each. In the study group 200 mg mifepristone and 200 μgm misoprostol given together on admission followed by miso every 3 hrs upto a maximum of 8 doses or until the abortion occurs, whichever occurs early. In the control group only miso was given in the same dose regime. If abortion did not occur within this duration it was considered failure of method. The results were analysed.Results: The success rate in first regimen was 98%. Mean induction abortion interval was significantly shorter in the study group, 8.62±1.96 h as compared to 14.5±3.01 h in the control group. The mean dose of the misoprostol required was significantly less in study group. The side effects like nausea, vomiting, fever, abdominal cramps, diarrhoea were observed more in control group (30%) in comparison to study group (12.1%).Conclusions: Mifepristone with simultaneous misoprostol is better than misoprostol alone and there is no need to wait for 24 hr after mifepristone for administration of misoprostol

Brain Emotional Learning Based Intelligent Controller And Its Application To Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor

This paper investigates an intelligent control approach towards Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor in chemical engineering. CSTR is a well known in process control and it offers a diverse range of research in chemical and control engineering. Brain emotional learning based intelligent controller (BELBIC) is an intelligent controller based on the model of Limbic system of brain. Our objective is to implement Computational Model of Brain Emotional Learning Based Intelligence Controller(BELBIC) and its Application To CSTR . Model design and simulations are done in MATLAB™ SIMULINK® software. Keywords: CSTR, BELBIC, Limbic system, Amygdala, Orbitofrontal corte

Scene and Video Understanding

There have been significant improvements in the accuracy of scene understanding due to a shift from recognizing objects ``in isolation'' to context based recognition systems. Such systems improve recognition rates by augmenting appearance based models of individual objects with contextual information based on pairwise relationships between objects. These pairwise relations incorporate common sense world knowledge such as co-occurrences and spatial arrangements of objects, temporal consistency, scene layout, etc. However, these relations, even though consistent in the 3D world, change due to viewpoint of the scene. In this thesis, we investigate incorporating contextual information from three different perspectives for scene and video understanding (a) ``what'' contextual relations are useful and ``how'' they should be incorporated into Markov network during inference, (b) jointly solving the segmentation and recognition problem using a multiple segmentation framework based on contextual information in conjunction with appearance matching, and (c) proposing a discriminative spatio-temporal patch based representation for videos which incorporates contextual information for video understanding. Our work departs from traditional view of incorporating context into scene understanding where a fixed model for context is learned. We argue that context is scene dependent and propose a data-driven approach to predict the importance of relationships and construct a Markov network for image analysis based on statistical models of global and local image features. Since all contextual information is not equally important, we also address the related problem of predicting the feature weights associated with each edge of a Markov network for evaluation of context. We then address the problem of fixed segmentation while modeling context by using a multiple segmentation framework and formulating the problem as ``a jigsaw puzzle''. We formulate the labeling problem as segment selection from a pool of segments (jigsaws), assigning each selected segment a class label. Previous multiple segmentation approaches used local appearance matching to select segments in a greedy manner. In contrast, our approach is based on a cost function that combines contextual information with appearance matching. A relaxed form of the cost function is minimized using an efficient quadratic programming solver. Lastly, we propose a new representation for videos based on mid-level discriminative spatio-temporal patches. These patches might correspond to a primitive human action, a semantic object, or perhaps a random but informative spatiotemporal patch in the video. What define these spatiotemporal patches are their discriminative and representative properties. We automatically mine these patches from hundreds of training videos and experimentally demonstrate that these patches establish correspondence across videos. We propose a cost function that incorporates co-occurrence statistics and temporal context along with appearance matching to select subset of these patches for label transfer. Furthermore, these patches can be used as a discriminative vocabulary for action classification

Clinical outcome of proximal tibia plates in extra-articular proximal tibia fractures: a retrospective study

Background: Tibial fractures, which account for 2.2% of all intra-articular fractures, are frequent. These fractures are prevalent in two age groups: younger patients experience higher-energy fractures, whereas elderly patients experience lower-energy fractures as a result of osteopenia. These injuries are linked to a higher frequency of complications such as non-union, infection, mobility limitation, and post-traumatic arthritis in the younger population. The study's primary objective was to assess the results of proximal tibial fracture treated with a locking plate.Methods: Thirty patients with proximal tibia fractures are included in this retrospective clinical study. They are all treated with a tibia plate system made by Kaulmed private limited in Sonipat, Haryana, India.  Thirty patients consisting of 18 males and 12 females, with average age of 42 years. Fractures categorized based on AO classification and type of soft tissue injury. Patients assessed clinically, radiologically, functionally using VAS, post-op radiographs and ROM.Results: All 30 cases that were chosen were monitored for 6 months. The average time for fracture union was 21 weeks, with a range of 18 to 24 weeks. No delayed union and non-union was observed. Infection, valgus, Knee stiffness were the complication that was observed. Two patients complained about the mild pain on the post-operative visit. Acceptable knee ROM of angle >120° was achieved and all patients were satisfied at their last visit based on parameters of pain, ADLs, aesthetics and full weight bearing.Conclusions: Excellent results were achieved in the surgical treatment of proximal tibia fractures by MIPO (minimal invasive plate osteosynthesis) and ORIF (Open reduction and internal fixation) using proximal tibia plate technique. Optimum knee function is achieved with reduction, rigid fixation to restore articular fragments, and early mobility. preventing osteoarthritis following trauma

Management of distal unstable radius fractures with locking distal radius plates: a retrospective study

Background: Distal radius fractures that are unstable are challenging to treat. The locking distal radius plate screws is a superior alternative to the other forms of treatment (external fixator and K pin). The purpose of this study was to provide the radiographic and functional clinical outcomes of patients who had locking distal radius plate screws treatment. This study's objective was to clinically assess the results of using a locking distal radius plate system to treat radius fractures.Methods: 31 patients with radius fractures are included in this retrospective clinical trial. They are all treated with a locking distal radius system made by Kaulmed Private Limited in Sonipat, Haryana, India. The patients were treated with variable angle locking distal radius plates that includes 2.4 mm KL-8 variable angle two column volar distal radius plates and 2.4 mm KL-8 variable angle volar rim distal radius plates. There were 31 patients consisting of 24 male and 07 female, with an average age of 44 years. The fractures were categorized based on AO classification and pre-operative fitness was assessed using American society of anaesthesiologist (ASA grade). The patients were assessed clinically, radiologically and functionally using visual analogue scale (VAS), post-operative radiographs and measuring grip strength and weight bearing respectively.Results: Surgery was performed on 31 patients with at-least three post-operative follow-up visits in 180 days. No patient in any group complained after the final follow up about any major complications or hardware problems, and every patient's bone union was achieved successfully. Radiological outcomes also showed proper union in 6-7 weeks.Conclusions: Distal radius volar locking plates provide effective results in correcting distal radius anatomy